Anyị isi ngwaahịa: Amino silicone, ngọngọ silicone, hydrophilic silicone, niile nke ha silicone emulsion, wetting rubbing fastness enhancer, mmiri na-egbochi (Fluorine free, Carbon 6, Carbon 8), demin na-asa chemicals (ABS, Enzyme, Spandex echebe, Manganese remover) ， Main mbupụ mba: India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Bangladesh, T.

 

Ụlọ ọrụ monosodium glutamate, nke a makwaara dị ka surfactants, bụ ụdị ihe nke, mgbe agbakwunyere ya na obere ego, nwere ike ibelata esemokwu elu nke ihe mgbaze (na-emekarị mmiri) ma gbanwee ọnọdụ interfacial nke usoro ahụ; Mgbe ọ ruru ntakịrị uche, ọ na-etolite micelles na ngwọta. Ya mere, ọ na-emepụta wetting ma ọ bụ mgbochi wetting, emulsification na demulsification, ụfụfụ ma ọ bụ defoaming, solubilization, ịsacha na mmetụta ndị ọzọ izute chọrọ nke bara uru ngwa. Monosodium glutamate, dị ka ihe umami, bụ ebe niile na nri anyị na ndụ anyị kwa ụbọchị. Na mmepụta mmepụta ihe, surfactants bụ ihe ndị yiri monosodium glutamate, nke na-adịghị achọ nnukwu ego ma nwee ike inwe mmetụta dị ebube. A na-akpọkarị ihe ndị a dị ka surfactants.

 

Okwu mmalite nke Surfactants

 

Surfactants nwere usoro ihe omimi nke zwitterionic: otu njedebe bụ otu hydrophilic, nke akpọrọ hydrophilic group, nke a makwaara dị ka oleophobic ma ọ bụ oleophobic otu, nke nwere ike igbari surfactants na mmiri dị ka monomers. Otu hydrophilic na-abụkarị otu pola, nke nwere ike ịbụ otu carboxyl (- COOH), otu sulfonic acid (- SO3H), amino group (- NH2) ma ọ bụ otu amino na nnu ha. Otu hydroxyl (- OH), otu amide, ether bonds (- O -), wdg nwekwara ike ịbụ otu polar hydrophilic; Ngwugwu ọzọ bụ otu hydrophobic, nke a na-akpọ dị ka otu oleophilic, nke a makwaara dị ka otu hydrophobic ma ọ bụ hydrophobic. Otu hydrophobic na-abụkarị ụdọ hydrocarbon na-abụghị polar, dị ka agbụ alkyl hydrophobic R - (alkyl), Ar - (aryl), wdg.
A na-ekewa ihe ndị dị n'elu n'ime ihe ndị na-ahụ maka ionic (gụnyere cationic na anionic surfactants), ndị na-abụghị ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, composite surfactants, na ndị ọzọ surfactants.

Na ngwọta nke surfactant, mgbe ntinye nke surfactant ruru otu uru, ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị dị n'elu ga-emepụta ngwakọta dị iche iche a na-enye iwu nke a na-akpọ micelles. Micellization ma ọ bụ nguzobe nke micelles bụ ihe dị mkpa nke ngwọta surfactant, na ụfọdụ ihe dị mkpa n'etiti ihu na-ejikọta na nhazi nke micelles. A na-akpọ ntinye uche nke ndị surfactants na-etolite micelles na ngwọta nke a na-akpọ Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC). Micelles abụghị ụdị okirikiri a kapịrị ọnụ, kama ọ bụ ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ukwuu ma na-agbanwe agbanwe. N'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ, surfactants nwekwara ike igosipụta ọnọdụ mịelle azụ.

 

Isi ihe na-emetụta mkpokọta micelle dị oke egwu

 

Ọdịdị nke surfactants
Mgbakwunye na ụdị ihe mgbakwunye
Mmetụta nke okpomọkụ

 

Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti surfactants na protein

 

Protein nwere ndị na-abụghị polar, polar, na chaja, na ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ amphiphilic nwere ike imekọrịta ihe na protein n'ụzọ dị iche iche. Surfactants nwere ike ịmepụta njikọ molekụla nyere iwu na usoro dị iche iche n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị iche iche, dị ka micelles, reverse micelles, wdg, na mmekọrịta ha na protein dịkwa iche iche. E nwere tumadi electrostatic na hydrophobic mmekọrịta n'etiti ndị na-edozi na surfactants (PS), mgbe mmekọrịta n'etiti ionic surfactants na protein bụ tumadi n'ihi na electrostatic mmekọrịta nke pola iche iche na hydrophobic mmekọrịta nke hydrophobic carbon hydrogen chains, nke ejikọta pola na hydrophobic akụkụ nke protein, karị, na-akpụ PS ogidi. Ndị na-abụghị ionic surfactants na-ejikarị ndị na-edozi ahụ emekọrịta ihe site na ike hydrophobic, yana mmekọrịta dị n'etiti agbụ hydrophobic ha na otu hydrophobic nke protein nwere ike inwe mmetụta ụfọdụ na nhazi na ọrụ nke surfactants na protein. Ya mere, ụdị, itinye uche, na usoro gburugburu ebe obibi nke surfactants na-ekpebi ma ha na-edozi ma ọ bụ mebie protein, na-achịkọta ma ọ bụ gbasasịa.

 

HLB uru nke surfactant

 

Iji gosipụta ọrụ ihu ihu pụrụ iche, ndị surfactants ga-enwerịrị nguzozi n'etiti otu hydrophobic na hydrophilic. HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance) bụ uru nguzozi hydrophilic oleophilic nke surfactants, nke bụ ihe ngosi nke hydrophilic na hydrophobic Njirimara nke surfactants.

Uru HLB bụ uru dị n'etiti (n'etiti 0 na 40), dị ka paraffin wax na HLB uru = 0 (enweghị otu hydrophilic), polyoxyethylene na HLB uru nke 20, na SDS nwere ike hydrophilicity na HLB uru nke 40. A pụrụ iji uru HLB mee ihe dị ka ntụnye aka maka ịhọrọ surfactants. Ihe dị elu nke uru HLB, ka mma hydrophilicity nke surfactant; Ka uru HLB dị ntakịrị, na-akawanye njọ hydrophilicity nke surfactant.
Isi ọrụ nke surfactants

 

Mmetụta emulsification

N'ihi nnukwu esemokwu nke mmanụ dị na mmiri, mgbe a na-agbanye mmanụ n'ime mmiri ma kpalie ike, a na-apịa mmanụ ahụ n'ime beads dị mma ma jikọta ya na ibe ya ka ọ bụrụ emulsion, ma nkwụsị ahụ na-akwụsị na akwa akwa akwa ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na agbakwunyere surfactant ma kpalie ike, ma ọ dịghị mfe ikewa ogologo oge mgbe ọ kwụsịrị, nke a bụ emulsification. Ihe kpatara ya bụ na hydrophobicity nke mmanụ gbara gburugburu hydrophilic ìgwè nke onye na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, na-emepụta ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ma na-ebelata ọrụ achọrọ maka mgbasa mmanụ na mmiri, na-eme ka emulsification dị mma nke mmanụ.

 

Mmetụta wetting

A na-enwekarị oyi akwa nke wax, griiz, ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ka ihe na-arapara n'elu akụkụ ahụ, nke bụ hydrophobic. N'ihi mmetọ nke ihe ndị a, mmiri adịghị eme ka elu nke akụkụ ahụ dị mfe. Mgbe a na-agbakwunye surfactants na ngwọta mmiri, a na-agbasasị mmiri mmiri na akụkụ ahụ ngwa ngwa, na-ebelata esemokwu elu nke akụkụ ahụ ma nweta nzube nke wetting.

 

Mmetụta solubilization

Mgbe agbakwunyere surfactants na mmanụ mmanụ, ha nwere ike "gbaze" naanị, mana mgbasa nke a nwere ike ime naanị mgbe ntinye nke surfactants ruru oke mkpa nke colloid, na solubility na-ekpebi ihe solubilizing na ihe onwunwe. N'ihe gbasara mmetụta solubilization, ogologo eriri hydrophobic gene chains siri ike karịa agbụ dị mkpụmkpụ, ụdọ ndị juru eju siri ike karịa ụdọ ndị na-adịghị mma, na mmetụta solubilization nke ndị na-abụghị ionic surfactants na-adịkarị mkpa karịa.

 

Mmetụta mgbasa

Ihe ndị siri ike dị ka uzuzu na unyi na-agbakọta ọnụ ma dịrị mfe na mmiri. The ụmụ irighiri ihe nke surfactants nwere ike kewaa siri ike urughuru aggregates n'ime obere ahụ, ikwe ka ha na-agbasasị na kwụsịtụ na ngwọta, na-akwalite edo dispersion nke siri ike ahụ.

 

Omume ụfụfụ

Nhazi nke ụfụfụ bụ tumadi n'ihi mgbasa ozi ntụziaka nke onye na-arụ ọrụ na mbelata esemokwu elu n'etiti gas na mmiri mmiri. N'ozuzu, obere ihe na-arụ ọrụ molekụla dị mfe ịfụ ụfụfụ, onye na-arụ ọrụ molekụla dị elu nwere obere ụfụfụ, myristate yellow nwere nnukwu ụfụfụ, na sodium stearate nwere ihe kachasị njọ. Onye na-arụ ọrụ Anionic nwere ezigbo ụfụfụ yana nkwụsi ike nke ụfụfụ karịa onye na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ionic, dị ka sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate nwere ihe ọkụkụ siri ike. Ndị na-egbochi ụfụfụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere aliphatic alcohol amide, carboxymethyl cellulose, wdg. ndị na-egbochi ụfụfụ gụnyere fatty acid, fatty acid ester, polyether, wdg na ndị ọzọ na-abụghị ionic surfactants.

 

Nhazi nke surfactants

 

Enwere ike kewaa ihe ndị dị n'ahụ anya gaa na anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, na cationic surfactants dabere na njirimara nhazi ha.

 

Anionic surfactant

Sulfate
Ndị na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke ụdị a gụnyere sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate na sodium alpha olefin sulfonate. Sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate, makwaara dị ka LAS ma ọ bụ ABS, bụ ọcha ma ọ bụ icha mmirimmiri odo ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ flake siri ike na ezi solubility na mgbagwoju surfactant usoro. Ọ kwụsiri ike na alkali, dilute acid, na mmiri siri ike. A na-ejikarị mmiri na-asa efere (ihe ịsa efere) na ncha akwa mmiri mmiri, a naghị eji ya na ncha ntutu, ọ naghị adịkarịkwa eji mmiri ịsa ahụ. N'ime ngwa ịsacha efere, usoro ọgwụgwọ ya nwere ike ịkọ ihe dị ka ọkara nke ngụkọta nke surfactants, yana ngbanwe n'ezie nke oke ya na ncha akwa mmiri dị obosara. Usoro ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe na-asachapụ efere bụ usoro ternary "LAS (linear alkylbenzenesulfonate sodium) - AES (mmanya ether sulfate sodium) - FFA (alkyl alcohol amide)". Uru ndị a ma ama nke sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate bụ nkwụsi ike dị mma, ike nhicha siri ike, obere ihe mmerụ ahụ gburugburu ebe obibi, yana ike ịmegharị ya n'ime ihe ndị na-adịghị emerụ ahụ na ọnụ ala dị ala. Mwepu pụtara ìhè bụ na ọ na-akpali akpali nke ukwuu. Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate, nke a makwaara dị ka AOS, na-agbaze nke ukwuu na mmiri ma nwee nkwụsi ike dị mma karịa ụdị pH dị iche iche. N'etiti ụdị nnu sulfonic acid, arụmọrụ dị mma. Uru pụtara ìhè bụ nkwụsi ike dị mma, ezigbo mmiri solubility, ndakọrịta dị mma, iwe dị ala, na mmebi microbial dị mma. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ncha ntutu na gel ịsa ahụ. Ọdịmma ya bụ na ọ dị oke ọnụ.

 

Sulfate
Ndị na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ụdị a gụnyere sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate na sodium dodecyl sulfate.

Sodium fatty mmanya polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, nke a makwaara dị ka AES ma ọ bụ sodium alcohol ether sulfate.

Ọ dị mfe igbari n'ime mmiri, enwere ike iji ya na ncha ntutu, gel ịsa ahụ, mmiri mmiri na-asa efere (ihe ịsa efere), na akwa mmiri mmiri na-asa ákwà. Mmiri solubility dị mma karịa sodium dodecyl sulfate, a pụkwara ịkwado ya n'ime akụkụ ọ bụla nke ngwọta mmiri na-egbuke egbuke na okpomọkụ. Ngwa nke sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate n'ime ihe ncha mmiri dị ukwuu ma nwee ndakọrịta dị mma karịa nke agbụ alkylbenzenesulfonate kwụ ọtọ; Enwere ike ịgbachi ya na ọtụtụ surfactants na ọnụọgụ abụọ ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ụdị iji mepụta ngwọta aqueous transperent. Uru ndị pụtara ìhè bụ obere mgbakasị ahụ, ezigbo mmiri solubility, ezigbo ndakọrịta, yana ịrụ ọrụ dị mma n'igbochi nkụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ, mgbawa, na adịghị ike. Ọdịmma ya bụ na nkwụsi ike na mgbasa ozi acidic adịchaghị njọ, na ike nhicha dị ala karịa sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate na sodium dodecyl sulfate.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate, nke a makwaara dị ka AS, K12, sodium cocoyl sulfate, na sodium lauryl sulfate foaming agent, enweghị mmetụta na alkali na mmiri siri ike. Nkwụsi ike ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ acid dị ala karịa nke sulfates izugbe yana nso nke mmanya na-aba ụba nke polyoxyethylene ether sulfate. Ọ na-adị mfe imebi ma nwee obere mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi. Mgbe a na-eji ya na mmiri mmiri, acidity ekwesịghị ịdị elu; Iji ethanolamine ma ọ bụ ammonium salts na ncha ntutu na ịsa ahụ nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị ịbawanye nkwụsi ike acid, kamakwa inye aka belata iwe. Ewezuga ikike ịfụfụ ya nke ọma na ike nhicha siri ike, arụmọrụ ya n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ adịghị mma dị ka nke sodium alcohol ether sulfate. Ọnụ ego nke surfactants anionic nkịtị na-adịkarị elu.

 

Cationic surfactant

N'iji ya tụnyere ụdị dị iche iche nke surfactants, cationic surfactants nwere mmetụta mgbanwe kachasị mma na mmetụta nje bacteria siri ike, ọ bụ ezie na ha nwere ihe ndị na-adịghị mma dị ka ike nhicha na-adịghị mma, ike ịfụ ụfụfụ na-adịghị mma, ndakọrịta na-adịghị mma, oke mgbakasị, na ọnụ ahịa dị elu. Cationic surfactants adabakọghị ozugbo na ihe ndị na-ahụ maka anionic na enwere ike iji ya naanị dị ka ihe ndozi ma ọ bụ fungicides. A na-ejikarị cationic surfactants eme ihe dị ka ihe inyeaka n'ime ihe ncha mmiri mmiri (dị ka obere ihe na-edozi ihe na nhazi) maka ngwaahịa ọkwa dị elu, tumadi maka ncha ntutu. Dị ka akụrụngwa na-emezigharị ihe, enweghị ike iji ụdị ndị ọzọ nke surfactants dochie ya na ncha ntutu mmiri dị elu.

Ụdị cationic surfactants ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (1631), octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (1831), cationic guar gum (C-14 S), cationic panthenol, cationic silicone mmanụ, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (OB-2), wdg.

 

Zwitterionic surfactant

Ndị na-ahụ maka bipolar na-ezo aka na surfactants nwere ma anionic na cationic hydrophilic otu. Ya mere, ndị a surfactants na-egosipụta cationic Njirimara na acidic ngwọta, anionic Njirimara na alkaline ngwọta, na-abụghị ionic Njirimara na-anọpụ iche ngwọta. Bipolar surfactants na-adị mfe soluble n'ime mmiri, acid na-etinye uche na ngwọta alkali, na ọbụna na ngwọta nke nnu inorganic. Ha nwere ezigbo iguzogide mmiri siri ike, mgbakasị ahụ dị ala, ịdị nro dị mma nke ákwà, ezigbo ihe mgbochi static, mmetụta bactericidal dị mma, yana ezigbo ndakọrịta dị iche iche surfactants. Ụdị dị mkpa nke amphoteric surfactants gụnyere dodecyl dimethyl betaine na carboxylate imidazoline.

 

Na-abụghị ionic surfactant

Ndị na-abụghị ionic surfactants nwere ezigbo ihe dị ka solubilization, ịsacha, mgbochi static, obere mgbakasị, na calcium ncha mgbasa; Oke pH nke ọdabara dị obosara karịa nke ndị na-ahụ maka ionic izugbe; Ewezuga ihe ndị na-emebi emebi na ịfụ ụfụfụ, ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịkarị elu karịa ihe ndị na-ahụ maka anionic izugbe. Ịgbakwunye ntakịrị ihe na-abụghị ionic surfactant na ionic surfactant nwere ike ime ka ọrụ elu nke usoro ahụ dịkwuo elu (ma e jiri ya tụnyere otu ihe na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ). Ụdị dị iche iche gụnyere alkyl alcohol amides (FFA), polyoxyethylene ethers (AE), na alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers (APE ma ọ bụ OP).

Alkyl alcohol amides (FFA) bụ klaasị nke ndị na-abụghị ionic surfactants nwere arụmọrụ dị elu, ngwa sara mbara, yana oke ojiji, nke a na-ejikarị na akwa mmiri mmiri dị iche iche. Na ncha mmiri mmiri, a na-ejikarị ya na amides, na nha nke "2: 1" na "1.5: 1" (alkyl alcohol amide: amide). Enwere ike iji amides mmanya alkyl mee ihe n'ozuzu obere acidic na alkaline detergents, yana ụdị surfactants nonionic dị ọnụ ala karịa.

 

Ngwa nke surfactants

Site na mmepe nke sayensị na teknụzụ, ọkachasị ọganihu nke ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ na ntinye nke usoro mmụta metụtara ya, ọrụ na ngwa nke surfactants aghọwowanyewanye ebe niile na omimi. Site na Ngwuputa mineral na mmepe nke ike, na mmetụta nke sel na enzymes, a pụrụ ịchọta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe. N'oge ugbu a, ngwa nke surfactants abụghị naanị na ndị na-ehicha ihe ncha, ihe na-ehicha ezé ezé, emulsifiers ịchọ mma na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ kwa ụbọchị, mana ọ gbasaala n'ubi mmepụta ndị ọzọ dị ka petrochemicals, mmepe ume, na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ.

 

Mwepụta mmanụ
Na mmịpụta mmanụ, iji ngwọta mmiri na-atụgharị nke surfactants ma ọ bụ ihe ngwọta agwakọta nke surfactants na mmanụ na mmiri nwere ike ịbawanye mgbake mmanụ site na 15% ruo 20%. N'ihi ikike nke surfactants iji belata viscosity ngwọta, a na-eji ha n'oge a na-egwupụta ihe iji belata viscosity mmanụ ma belata ma ọ bụ gbochie ihe mberede mkpọpu. O nwekwara ike ime olulu mmiri ochie nke na-agaghịzi agba mmanụ mmanụ.

Mmepe ume
Surfactants nwekwara ike itinye aka na mmepe ume. N'ọnọdụ dị ugbu a nke ọnụ ahịa mmanụ ụwa na-arị elu na isi mmalite mmanụ siri ike, mmepe nke mmanụ ọkụ na-agwakọta mmanụ nwere nnukwu ihe ọ pụtara. Ịgbakwunye surfactants na usoro ahụ nwere ike ịmepụta ụdị mmanụ ọkụ ọhụrụ na-agba ọsọ dị elu, nke nwere ike dochie mmanụ ụgbọala dị ka isi iyi ike. Ịgbakwunye emulsifiers na mmanụ ụgbọala, diesel, na mmanụ dị arọ ọ bụghị nanị na-azọpụta mmanụ, kamakwa ọ na-eme ka ọkụ ọkụ dịkwuo mma ma na-ebelata mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. Ya mere, surfactants nwere nnukwu uru maka mmepe ike.

Ụlọ ọrụ textile
Ngwa nke surfactants na ụlọ ọrụ textile nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme. eriri sịntetik nwere ihe ndọghachi azụ dị ka isi ike, adịghị mma zuru oke, enweghị ike ibute uzuzu electrostatic, yana nnabata mmiri na-adịghị mma na mmetụta aka ma e jiri ya tụnyere eriri eke. Ọ bụrụ na ejiri ihe surfactant pụrụ iche agwọ ya, enwere ike imezi ntụpọ ndị a dị na eriri sịntetik nke ukwuu. A na-ejikwa ihe ndị dị n'ahụ anya dị ka ndị na-eme nro, ndị na-eme ihe na-adịghị mma, ndị na-agba mmiri na ndị na-abanye n'ime ya, na emulsifiers na ụlọ ọrụ obibi akwụkwọ na akwa ákwà. Ngwa nke surfactants na ụlọ ọrụ ibipụta akwa na akwa akwa dị ukwuu.

Nhicha ígwè
N'ihe gbasara ihicha igwe, ihe mgbaze ọdịnala na-agụnye ihe mgbaze dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala, kerosene, na carbon tetrachloride. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mkpa si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmanụ ụgbọala a na-eji ihicha akụkụ ígwè na China dị elu dị ka 500000 tọn kwa afọ. Ngwa igwe na-ehicha mmiri nke ejiri ihe surfactants mee nwere ike ịchekwa ike. Dị ka ngụkọ si kwuo, otu tọn nke ihe na-ehicha ígwè nwere ike dochie mmanụ mmanụ 20, na otu tọn mmanụ ala nwere ike iji mepụta tọn 4 nke ihe na-ehicha ígwè, na-egosi na ndị surfactants nwere nnukwu uru na nchekwa ike. Ihe na-ehicha igwe nwere ihe ndị dị n'èzí nwekwara njirimara nke ịbụ ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu, ndị anaghị ere ọkụ, anaghị emetọ gburugburu ebe obibi, na ịhụ na nchekwa ndị ọrụ. A na-eji ụdị ihe na-ehicha ígwè a ọtụtụ ebe maka ihicha ụdị ihe dị iche iche nke igwe dị ka igwe ikuku, ụgbọ elu, bearings, wdg.

Ụlọ ọrụ nri
Na nri ụlọ ọrụ, surfactants bụ multifunctional mgbakwunye eji na mmepụta nke nri. Nri surfactants nwere ọmarịcha emulsifying, wetting, mgbochi ịrapara, ichekwa, na flocculation mmetụta. N'ihi mmetụta mgbakwunye pụrụ iche, ọ nwere ike ime ka pastries crispy, ụfụfụ ihe oriri froth, achịcha dị nro, na ọbụna gbasasịa na emulsify akụrụngwa dị ka bọta artificial, Mayonezi, na ice cream, nke nwere mmetụta pụrụ iche na-eme ka usoro mmepụta na mma nke ngwaahịa.

Ọgwụ pesticides nke ọrụ ugbo bụ mmiri mmiri emulsion nke, n'ihi esemokwu elu nke mmiri mmiri ahụ, nwere ọghọm nke ịdị ike ịgbasa mgbe a na-efesa ya na akwụkwọ osisi. Ọ bụrụ na agbakwunyere surfactant na ngwọta pesticide, surfactant nwere ike belata esemokwu elu nke mmiri mmiri ahụ, ya bụ, ude mmiri na-efunahụ ọrụ ya, na mmiri ọgwụ pesticide ga-adị mfe gbasaa n'elu akwukwo, ya mere mmetụta ụmụ ahụhụ ya ga-aka mma.