Edemede a na-elekwasị anya na usoro antimicrobial nke Gemini Surfactants, nke a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-adị irè n'igbu nje bacteria ma nwee ike inye aka n'ibelata mgbasa nke coronavirus ọhụrụ.
Surfactant, nke bụ mkpirisi nkebiokwu nke Surface, Active and Agent. Surfactants bụ ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'elu na interfaces ma nwee ikike dị elu na ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ibelata esemokwu elu (oke), na-eme ka mgbakọ dị iche iche nke molecularly na-edozi n'elu otu ntinye uche ma si otú ahụ nwee ọtụtụ ọrụ ngwa. Surfactants nwere ezi dispersibility, wettability, emulsification ikike, na antistatic Njirimara, na aghọwo isi ihe maka mmepe nke ọtụtụ ubi, gụnyere ubi nke ezi kemịkal, na nwere nnukwu onyinye na mma usoro, mbenata ike oriri, na-amụba mmepụta arụmọrụ. . Site na mmepe nke ọha mmadụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke ọkwa mmepụta ihe nke ụwa, ngwa nke surfactants ejiriwo nwayọọ nwayọọ gbasaa site na chemicals-eji kwa ụbọchị gaa n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke akụ na ụba mba, dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka nje bacteria, ihe mgbakwunye nri, ubi ume ọhụrụ, ọgwụgwọ mmetọ na ọgwụ ọjọọ. biopharmaceuticals.
Surfactants ndị a na-emebu bụ ogige "amphiphilic" nke nwere otu polar hydrophilic na ndị na-abụghị polar hydrophobic, na ihe owuwu molekụla ha ka egosiri na foto 1 (a).
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, na mmepe nke nhazi na nhazi usoro na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ọchịchọ maka ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-amụba, n'ihi ya, ọ dị mkpa ịchọta na ịzụlite surfactants nke nwere elu elu elu na ihe owuwu pụrụ iche. Nchọpụta nke Gemini Surfactants na-ejikọta oghere ndị a ma mezuo ihe achọrọ nke mmepụta mmepụta ihe. Gemini surfactant a na-ahụkarị bụ ngwakọta nwere otu hydrophilic abụọ (n'ozuzu ionic ma ọ bụ nonionic nwere akụrụngwa hydrophilic) na agbụ hydrophobic alkyl abụọ.
Dị ka egosiri na eserese 1 (b), n'adịghị ka ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu agbụ, Gemini Surfactants jikọtara ìgwè abụọ hydrophilic ọnụ site na njikọ njikọ (spacer). Na nkenke, a pụrụ ịghọta ihe owuwu nke Gemini surfactant dị ka e guzobere site n'iji akọ na-ejikọta isi otu hydrophilic abụọ nke surfactant na-emekarị yana otu njikọ njikọ.
Ọdịdị pụrụ iche nke Gemini Surfactant na-eduga na ọrụ elu ya dị elu, nke bụ n'ihi na:
(1) mmụba hydrophobic mmetụta nke abụọ hydrophobic ọdụ chains nke Gemini Surfactant molekul na ụba ọchịchọ nke surfactant ịhapụ mmiri ngwọta.
(2) Ọchịchọ nke isi otu hydrophilic ikewapụ onwe ha, ọkachasị ndị isi otu ionic n'ihi mmegide electrostatic, na-ebelata nke ukwuu site na mmetụta nke spacer;
(3) Ọdịdị pụrụ iche nke Gemini Surfactants na-emetụta àgwà nchịkọta ha na ngwọta mmiri mmiri, na-enye ha ihe mgbagwoju anya ma na-agbanwe agbanwe morphology.
Gemini Surfactants nwere ọrụ elu elu (oke), ntinye uche nke micele dị oke egwu, wettability ka mma, ike emulsification na ikike nje bacteria ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe. Ya mere, mmepe na itinye n'ọrụ nke Gemini Surfactants dị oke mkpa maka mmepe na ngwa nke surfactants.
"Ihe owuwu amphiphilic" nke ndị surfactants na-emekarị na-enye ha ihe ndị dị n'elu pụrụ iche. Dị ka e gosiri na foto 1 (c), mgbe a na-agbakwunye ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emekarị na mmiri, ndị isi hydrophilic na-agbaze n'ime mmiri mmiri mmiri, na ìgwè hydrophobic na-egbochi mgbasa nke molekul surfactant na mmiri. N'okpuru mmetụta jikọtara ọnụ nke usoro abụọ a, a na-eme ka ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na ikuku gas-mmiri mmiri ma na-eme ndokwa n'usoro, si otú ahụ belata esemokwu elu nke mmiri. N'adịghị ka surfactants ndị a na-ahụkarị, Gemini Surfactants bụ "dimers" nke na-ejikọta ihe ndị na-emekarị surfactants ọnụ site na otu spacer, nke nwere ike ibelata esemokwu elu nke mmiri na mmanụ/mmiri esemokwu ihu ihu nke ọma. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, Gemini Surfactants nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ micele dị oke egwu, mma mmiri solubility, emulsification, foaming, wetting and antibacterial properties.
| Okwu Mmalite nke Gemini Surfactants N'afọ 1991, Menger na Littau [13] kwadebere surfactant bis-alkyl nke mbụ nwere otu njikọ njikọ siri ike, wee kpọọ ya "Gemini surfactant". N'otu afọ ahụ, Zana et al [14] kwadebere usoro nke quaternary ammonium salt Gemini Surfactants maka oge mbụ ma jiri nlezianya nyochaa njirimara nke usoro a nke quaternary ammonium salt Gemini Surfactants. 1996, ndị na-eme nchọpụta n'ozuzu ma kwurịta omume elu (oke), nchịkọta nchịkọta, rheology ngwọta na omume nke Gemini Surfactants dị iche iche mgbe a na-ejikọta ya na surfactants. Na 2002, Zana [15] nyochara mmetụta nke dị iche iche njikọ njikọ na aggregation omume nke Gemini Surfactants na aqueous ngwọta, ọrụ nke ukwuu kwalite mmepe nke surfactants na nke dị oké mkpa. Mgbe e mesịrị, Qiu et al [16] chepụtara usoro ọhụrụ maka njikọ nke Gemini Surfactants nwere ihe owuwu pụrụ iche dabere na cetyl bromide na 4-amino-3,5-dihydroxymethyl-1,2,4-triazole, bụ nke mere ka ụzọ nke ọma dịkwuo mma. Gemini Surfactant njikọ. |
Nnyocha na Gemini Surfactants na China malitere n'oge; na 1999, Jianxi Zhao si Fuzhou University mere a Ịhazi nyochaa mba ọzọ nnyocha na Gemini Surfactants na dọtara uche nke ọtụtụ nnyocha oru na China. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, nchọpụta banyere Gemini Surfactants na China malitere ịba ụba ma nweta nsonaazụ dị mma. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ndị nchọpụta etinyela onwe ha na mmepe nke Gemini Surfactants ọhụrụ na ọmụmụ ihe gbasara physicochemical metụtara ha. N'otu oge ahụ, ngwa nke Gemini Surfactants ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ mepụta n'ọhịa nke sterilization na antibacterial, mmepụta nri, nkwụsịtụ na mgbochi ụfụfụ, nkwụsị nke ọgwụ ngwa ngwa na nhicha ụlọ ọrụ. Dabere na ma a na-ebubo ìgwè hydrophilic dị na mkpụrụ ndụ surfactant ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị na ụdị ụgwọ ha na-ebu, Gemini Surfactants nwere ike kewaa n'ime ụdị ndị a: cationic, anionic, nonionic na amphoteric Gemini Surfactants. N'ime ha, cationic Gemini Surfactants na-ezo aka na quaternary ammonium ma ọ bụ ammonium nnu Gemini Surfactants, anionic Gemini Surfactants na-ezokarị aka na Gemini Surfactants ndị otu hydrophilic bụ sulfonic acid, phosphate na carboxylic acid, ebe nonionic Gemini Surfactants bụ ọtụtụ polyoxyethylene Gemini Surfactants.
1.1 Cationic Gemini Surfactants
Cationic Gemini Surfactants nwere ike ikewa cations na mmiri mmiri ngwọta, tumadi ammonium na quaternary ammonium nnu Gemini Surfactants. Cationic Gemini Surfactants nwere ezigbo biodegradability, ike mkpochapụ siri ike, akụrụngwa kemịkalụ kwụsiri ike, toxicity dị ala, usoro dị mfe, njikọ dị mfe, nkewa dị mfe na ịdị ọcha, yana nwekwara ihe nje bacteria, anticorrosion, antistatic Njirimara na nro.
Gemini surfactants nke dabere na Quaternary ammonium na-akwadokarị site na amines nke atọ site na mmeghachi omume alkylation. Enwere ụzọ abụọ sịntetịt dị ka ndị a: otu bụ quaternize alkanes dochie anya dibromo na otu ogologo yinye alkyl dimethyl tertiary amines; nke ọzọ bụ quaternize 1-bromo-dochiri ogologo yinye alkanes na N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl alkyl diamines na anhydrous ethanol dị ka ihe mgbaze na kpo oku reflux. Otú ọ dị, alkanes dochie anya dibromo na-adị ọnụ ọnụ ma na-ejikarị usoro nke abụọ na-emepụta ya, a na-egosipụtakwa nha mmeghachi omume na Figure 2.
1.2 Anionic Gemini Surfactants
Anionic Gemini Surfactants nwere ike kewaa anions na mmiri mmiri ngwọta, tumadi sulfonates, sulfate salts, carboxylates na phosphate salts ụdị Gemini Surfactants. Anionic surfactants nwere ihe ndị ka mma dị ka mkpochapụ, ụfụfụ, mgbasa, emulsification na wetting, a na-ejikwa ya dị ka ihe ncha, ihe na-eme ụfụfụ, ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha, emulsifiers na dispersants.
1.2.1 sulfonates
Sulfonate dabeere biosurfactants nwere uru nke ọma mmiri solubility, ezi wettability, ezi okpomọkụ na nnu na-eguzogide, ezi detergency, na ike dispersing ike, na ha na-ọtụtụ ebe na-eji dị ka detergents, ụfụfụ mmadụ, wetting mmadụ, emulsifiers, na dispersants na mmanụ ala, ụlọ ọrụ textiles, na kemịkalụ a na-eji kwa ụbọchị n'ihi ebe ha si enweta akụrụngwa, usoro mmepụta dị mfe, yana ọnụ ala dị ala. Li et al synthesized a usoro ọhụrụ dialkyl disulfonic acid Gemini Surfactants (2Cn-SCT), a ahụkarị sulfonate-ụdị baryonic surfactant, na-eji trichloramine, aliphatic amine na taurine dị ka akụrụngwa na a atọ nzọụkwụ mmeghachi omume.
1.2.2 Sulfate salts
Sulfate ester salts doublet surfactants nwere uru nke esemokwu dị ala dị ala, ọrụ elu dị elu, ezigbo mmiri solubility, nnukwu isi iyi nke akụrụngwa na njikọ dị mfe. Ọ na-enwekwa arụmọrụ ịsacha nke ọma na ike ịfụ ụfụfụ, arụ ọrụ kwụsiri ike na mmiri siri ike, na sulfate ester salts na-anọpụ iche ma ọ bụ obere alkaline na ngwọta mmiri. Dị ka e gosiri na Figure 3, Sun Dong et al jiri lauric acid na polyethylene glycol dị ka isi akụrụngwa na agbakwunyere sulfate ester bonds site na nnọchi, esterification na mgbakwunye mmeghachi omume, si otú synthesizing sulfate ester nnu ụdị baryonic surfactant-GA12-S-12.
1.2.3 Carboxylic acid nnu
Carboxylate dabeere Gemini Surfactants na-adịkarị nwayọọ, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, dị mfe biodegradable na nwere ọgaranya isi iyi nke eke akụrụngwa, elu metal chelating Njirimara, ezigbo mmiri siri ike na-eguzogide na calcium ncha mgbasa, ezigbo ụfụfụ na wetting Njirimara, na-eji ọtụtụ ebe na-emepụta ọgwụ, pharmaceuticals. textiles, ezigbo chemicals na ubi ndị ọzọ. Iwebata otu amide na biosurfactants nke sitere na carboxylate nwere ike ime ka biodegradability nke ụmụ irighiri ihe dị elu ma mee ka ha nwee ezigbo wetting, emulsification, mgbasa na mkpochapụ. Mei et al synthesized a carboxylate dabeere baryonic surfactant CGS-2 nwere amide otu na-eji dodecylamine, dibromoethane na succinic anhydride dị ka akụrụngwa.
1.2.4 Phosphate nnu
Ụdị phosphate ester nnu Gemini Surfactants nwere usoro yiri nke ahụ na phospholipids eke ma na-enwekarị ike ịmepụta ihe dịka micelles na vesicles. Ụdị phosphate ester nnu ụdị Gemini Surfactants ejirila ya mee ihe dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka antistatic na ndị na-asa ákwà, ebe ihe emulsification ha dị elu na obere mgbakasị ahụ emeela ka ha jiri nlezianya na-elekọta anụ ahụ. Ụfọdụ esters phosphate nwere ike ịbụ anticancer, antitumor na antibacterial, na e mepụtala ọtụtụ ọgwụ. Phosphate ester nnu ụdị biosurfactants nwere nnukwu emulsification Njirimara maka pesticides na ike ji mee ihe ọ bụghị nanị dị ka antibacterial na ụmụ ahụhụ kamakwa dị ka herbicides. Zheng et al mụrụ njikọ nke phosphate ester salt Gemini Surfactants sitere na P2O5 na ortho-quat dabeere oligomeric diols, nke nwere mmetụta wetting ka mma, ezigbo antistatic Njirimara, na usoro nhazi dị mfe na ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume dị nro. E gosipụtara usoro ihe omimi nke potassium phosphate salt baryonic surfactant na eserese 4.
1.3 Gemini Surfactants na-abụghị ionic
Enweghị ike ịkewa Nonionic Gemini Surfactants na ngwọta mmiri ma dị n'ụdị molecular. Ụdị nke baryonic surfactant amụbeghị nke ọma ruo ugbu a, ma enwere ụdị abụọ, otu bụ ihe na-emepụta shuga na nke ọzọ bụ mmanya ether na phenol ether. Nonionic Gemini Surfactants adịghị adị na steeti ionic na ngwọta, n'ihi ya, ha nwere nkwụsi ike dị elu, adịghị emetụta ya ngwa ngwa site na ike electrolytes, nwere ezigbo mgbagwoju anya na ụdị ndị ọzọ nke surfactants, ma nwee ezigbo solubility. Ya mere, nonionic surfactants nwere ihe dị iche iche dị ka ezigbo nchacha, dispersibility, emulsification, foaming, wettability, antistatic properties and sterilization, na enwere ike iji ya mee ihe n'akụkụ dị iche iche dị ka pesticides na coatings. Dị ka e gosiri na Figure 5, na 2004, FitzGerald et al synthesized polyoxyethylene based Gemini Surfactants (nonionic surfactants), nke e gosipụtara usoro ya dị ka (Cn-2H2n-3CHCH2O (CH2CH2O)mH) 2 (CH2) 6 (ma ọ bụ GemnEm).
02 Njirimara physicochemical nke Gemini Surfactants
2.1 Ọrụ Gemini Surfactants
Ụzọ kachasị mfe na nke kachasị kpọmkwem iji nyochaa ọrụ elu nke surfactants bụ iji tụọ esemokwu elu nke ngwọta mmiri ha. Na ụkpụrụ, surfactants na-ebelata esemokwu elu nke ihe ngwọta site na nhazi nhazi n'elu elu (oke) ụgbọ elu (Figure 1 (c)). Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị oke egwu micelle (CMC) nke Gemini Surfactants karịrị iwu abụọ nke ịdị ukwuu na uru C20 dị obere ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị surfactants nwere ụdị ihe ahụ. Molecule nke baryonic surfactant nwere otu hydrophilic abụọ na-enyere ya aka ịnọgide na-enwe ezigbo solubility mmiri ma nwee ogologo agbụ hydrophobic ogologo. N'ebe a na-ahụ maka mmiri / ikuku, a na-ahazi ndị surfactants ndị a na-emekarị n'ihi mmetụta nkwụsị nke oghere oghere na nkwụsị nke ebubo ọnụ na ụmụ irighiri ihe, si otú ahụ na-ebelata ike ha iji belata esemokwu elu nke mmiri. N'ụzọ dị iche, njikọ dị iche iche nke Gemini Surfactants na-ejikọta ọnụ nke mere na a na-edebe ebe dị n'etiti ìgwè abụọ hydrophilic n'ime obere obere (dị obere karịa ebe dị n'etiti ìgwè hydrophilic nke ndị surfactants), na-eme ka ọrụ dị mma nke Gemini Surfactants na. elu (oke).
2.2 Mgbakọ Ọdịdị nke Gemini Surfactants
Na ngwọta mmiri, ka ntinye nke baryonic surfactant na-abawanye, ụmụ irighiri ya na-ejupụta n'elu ihe ngwọta ahụ, nke na-eme ka ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ọzọ kwaga n'ime ime ihe ngwọta na-emepụta miceles. Ntinye uche nke surfactant na-amalite ịmalite micelles ka a na-akpọ Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC). Dị ka e gosiri na Figure 9, mgbe ntinye uche dị ukwuu karịa CMC, n'adịghị ka ndị surfactants nke na-agbakọta iji mepụta micelles sppherical, Gemini Surfactants na-emepụta ụdị dị iche iche nke micelle morphologies, dị ka linear na bilayer structures, n'ihi na ha nhazi njirimara. Esemokwu dị na mielle size, udi na hydration na-enwe mmetụta kpọmkwem na akparamagwa na-adọ na rheological Njirimara nke ngwọta, na-eduga ná mgbanwe na ngwọta viscoelasticity. Surfactants ndị a na-ahụkarị, dị ka anionic surfactants (SDS), na-etolitekarị micelles, nke na-enwechaghị mmetụta na viscosity nke ngwọta. Otú ọ dị, ihe owuwu pụrụ iche nke Gemini Surfactants na-eduga n'ịmepụta morphology micelle dị mgbagwoju anya na njirimara nke ngwọta mmiri ha dị iche na nke ndị surfactants. The viscosity nke aqueous ngwọta nke Gemini Surfactants na-abawanye na-abawanye ụba nke Gemini Surfactants, eleghị anya n'ihi na kpụrụ linear micelles intertwine n'ime a web-dị ka owuwu. Otú ọ dị, viscosity nke ngwọta na-ebelata site na ịba ụba nke surfactant, ma eleghị anya n'ihi nkwụsị nke nhazi weebụ na nhazi nke ihe owuwu micelle ndị ọzọ.
03 Njirimara antimicrobial nke Gemini Surfactants
Dị ka ụdị nke organic antimicrobial n'ụlọnga, na antimicrobial usoro nke baryonic surfactant bụ tumadi na ọ na-ejikọta ya na anions na cell akpụkpọ anụ n'elu microorganisms ma ọ bụ na-emeghachi omume na sulfhydryl iche iche na-akpaghasị mmepụta nke protein na cell membranes, si otú na-ebibi microbial anụ ahụ iji gbochie. ma ọ bụ gbuo microorganisms.
3.1 Njirimara mgbochi nke anionic Gemini Surfactants
Njirimara antimicrobial nke antimicrobial anionic surfactants bụ nke a na-ekpebi nke ọma site na ọdịdị nke ihe mgbochi nje ha na-ebu. Na colloidal ngwọta dị ka eke latexes na coatings, hydrophilic agbụ ígwè na-ekekọta na mmiri-soluble dispersants, na hydrophobic chains ga-ejikọta na hydrophobic dispersions site directional adsorption, si otú transforming abụọ-adọ interface n'ime a ok molekul interfacial film. Otu ndị na-egbochi nje bacteria na oyi akwa mkpuchi a na-egbochi uto nke nje bacteria.
Usoro nke mgbochi nje nke anionic surfactants dị nnọọ iche na nke cationic surfactants. Mgbochi nje bacteria nke anionic surfactants metụtara usoro ngwọta ha na otu mgbochi, ya mere, ụdị surfactant a nwere ike ịbelata. Ụdị surfactant a ga-adịrịrị na ọkwa zuru oke nke mere na surfactant dị n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke usoro ahụ iji mepụta mmetụta dị mma nke microbicidal. N'otu oge ahụ, ụdị surfactant a enweghị ebe obibi na ebumnuche, nke ọ bụghị naanị na-akpata mkpofu na-enweghị isi, kamakwa na-emepụta nguzogide ogologo oge.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji biosurfactants nke sitere na alkyl sulfonate mee ihe na ọgwụ ụlọ ọgwụ. Alkyl sulfonates, dị ka Busulfan na Treosulfan, na-agwọkarị ọrịa myeloproliferative, na-eme ka njikọ dị n'etiti guanine na ureapurine, ebe mgbanwe a enweghị ike imezi ya site na nyocha ekwentị, na-akpata ọnwụ apoptotic cell.
3.2 Njirimara mgbochi nke cationic Gemini Surfactants
Ụdị isi nke cationic Gemini Surfactants mepụtara bụ quaternary ammonium nnu ụdị Gemini Surfactants. Quaternary ammonium ụdị cationic Gemini Surfactants nwere ike bactericidal mmetụta n'ihi na e nwere abụọ hydrophobic ogologo alkane chains na quaternary ammonium ụdị baryonic surfactant molecules, na hydrophobic agbụ na-etolite hydrophobic adsorption na cell mgbidi (peptidoglycan); N'otu oge ahụ, ha nwere abụọ ion nitrogen ebubo nke ọma, nke ga-akwalite mgbasa nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị dị n'elu n'elu nje bacteria na-adịghị mma, na site na ntinye na mgbasa, eriri hydrophobic na-abanye n'ime mmiri na-abanye n'ime sel sel sel lipid oyi akwa, gbanwee permeability nke akpụkpọ ahụ cell, na-eduga na mgbawa nke nje bacteria, na mgbakwunye na ìgwè hydrophilic miri emi n'ime protein, na-eduga ná mfu nke enzyme ọrụ na protein denaturation, n'ihi na ngwakọta mmetụta nke abụọ ndị a mmetụta, na-eme ka fungicides nwere a mmetụta bactericidal siri ike.
Otú ọ dị, site n'echiche gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị a surfactants nwere hemolytic ọrụ na cytotoxicity, na ogologo oge na-akpakọrịta na mmiri ntule na biodegradation nwere ike ime ka ha nsi.
3.3 Njirimara Antibacterial nke nonionic Gemini Surfactants
Enwere ugbu a ụdị abụọ nke nonionic Gemini Surfactants, otu bụ ihe na-emepụta shuga na nke ọzọ bụ mmanya ether na phenol ether.
Usoro nje bacteria nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta shuga na-adabere na njikọ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe, na ihe ndị na-emepụta shuga nwere ike jikọta na membranes cell, nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke phospholipids. Mgbe ịta nke sugar derivatives surfactants ruru a ụfọdụ larịị, ọ na-agbanwe permeability nke cell akpụkpọ ahụ, na-akpụ pores na ion ọwa, nke na-emetụta njem nke nri na gas mgbanwe, na-eme ka outflow nke ọdịnaya na-emecha na-eduga ọnwụ nke nje bacteria.
Usoro nje bacteria nke phenolic na aṅụrụma ethers antimicrobial agents bụ ime ihe na mgbidi cell ma ọ bụ cell membranes na enzymes, na-egbochi ọrụ metabolic na imebi ọrụ mmeghari. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọgwụ antimicrobial nke diphenyl ethers na ihe ndị ha na-emepụta (phenols) na-emikpu n'ime sel nje ma ọ bụ nje ma na-eme ihe site na mgbidi cell na akpụkpọ ahụ sel, na-egbochi ọrụ na ọrụ nke enzymes metụtara njikọ nke nucleic acid na protein, na-amachi. uto na mmeputakwa nke nje bacteria. Ọ na-akpaghasịkwa ọrụ metabolic na iku ume nke enzymes n'ime nje bacteria, nke na-ada.
3.4 Njirimara mgbochi nke amphoteric Gemini Surfactants
Amphoteric Gemini Surfactants bụ klas nke surfactants nke nwere ma cations na anions na usoro ihe omimi ha, nwere ike ionize na ngwọta mmiri, ma gosipụta njirimara nke anionic surfactants n'otu ọnọdụ na cationic surfactants na ọnọdụ ọzọ. Usoro nke igbochi nje nke amphoteric surfactants bụ ihe na-adịghị mma, ma a na-ekwenyekarị na mgbochi ahụ nwere ike ịdị ka nke quaternary ammonium surfactants, ebe surfactant na-adị mfe adsorbed n'elu nje bacteria na-adịghị mma ma na-egbochi nje metabolism.
3.4.1 Njirimara antimicrobial nke amino acid Gemini Surfactants
Ụdị Amino acid baryonic surfactant bụ cationic amphoteric baryonic surfactant nke nwere amino acid abụọ mejupụtara, ya mere usoro mgbochi ya dị ka nke quaternary ammonium nnu ụdị baryonic surfactant. The mma ebubo nke surfactant na-adọta na-adịghị mma ebubo akụkụ nke nje bacteria ma ọ bụ viral elu n'ihi na electrostatic mmekọrịta, na emesia na hydrophobic agbụ na-ejikọta na lipid bilayer, na-eduga na efflux nke cell ọdịnaya na lysis ruo ọnwụ. O nwere uru dị ịrịba ama karịa Gemini Surfactants nke ammonium dabeere na quaternary: mfe biodegradability, obere hemolytic ọrụ, na obere toxicity, ya mere a na-emepụta ya maka ngwa ya na mpaghara ntinye ya na-agbasawanye.
3.4.2 Njirimara Antibacterial nke ụdị Gemini Surfactants na-abụghị amino acid
Ụdị amphoteric Gemini Surfactants nke na-abụghị amino acid nwere ihe fọdụrụnụ na-arụ ọrụ n'elu nwere ma ụlọ ọrụ ụgwọ na-adịghị mma na nke na-adịghị mma. Ụdị Gemini Surfactants nke na-abụghị amino acid bụ betaine, imidazoline, na amine oxide. N'iji ụdị betaine dị ka ihe atụ, ụdị betaine amphoteric surfactants nwere ma anionic na cationic dị iche iche n'ime ụmụ irighiri ha, nke nnu inorganic na-adịghị emetụta ngwa ngwa ma nwee mmetụta surfactant na ngwọta acidic na alkaline, yana usoro antimicrobial nke cationic Gemini Surfactants bụ. soro na ngwọta acidic na nke anionic Gemini Surfactants na ngwọta alkaline. Ọ na-enwekwa ọmarịcha arụmọrụ yana ụdị surfactant ndị ọzọ.
04 Mmechi na anya
Gemini Surfactants na-amụbawanye na ndụ n'ihi na ha pụrụ iche Ọdịdị, na ha na-ọtụtụ ebe na ubi nke antibacterial sterilization, nri mmepụta, defoaming na ụfụfụ mgbochi, ọgwụ nwayọọ na-ahapụ na ụlọ ọrụ ihicha. Site na mmụba na-arịwanye elu maka nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi ndụ ndụ, Gemini Surfactants na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emepụta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na multifunctional surfactants. Enwere ike ịme nyocha n'ọdịnihu na Gemini Surfactants n'akụkụ ndị a: ịmepụta Gemini Surfactants ọhụrụ nwere nhazi na ọrụ pụrụ iche, karịsịa na-ewusi nchọpụta ike na antibacterial na antiviral; na-ejikọta ya na surfactants ma ọ bụ ihe mgbakwunye na-emepụta ngwaahịa na arụmọrụ ka mma; na iji akụrụngwa dị ọnụ ala ma dị mfe iji mepụta Gemini Surfactants na gburugburu ebe obibi.
Oge nzipu: Mar-25-2022