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    Demulsifier

    Ebe ọ bụ na ụfọdụ ihe siri ike na-adịghị edozi na mmiri, mgbe otu ma ọ bụ karịa n'ime ihe ndị a dị n'ọtụtụ dị ukwuu na ngwọta mmiri, ha nwere ike ịnọ na mmiri na ọnọdụ emulsified n'okpuru mkpali site na hydraulic ma ọ bụ ike mpụga, na-eme emulsion.
    Theoretically usoro a bụ ejighị n'aka, ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere ọnụnọ nke ụfọdụ surfactants (ala ahụ, wdg), ọ ga-eme ka emulsification ala dị oké njọ, ọbụna abụọ n'ụzọ na-esi ike ikewapụ, kasị ahụkarị bụ mmanụ-mmiri ngwakọta. na mmanụ-mmiri nkewa na mmiri-mmanụ ngwakọta na nsị ọgwụgwọ, abụọ n'ụzọ na-etolite a ọzọ kwụsiri ike mmanụ-n'ime mmiri ma ọ bụ mmiri na-mmanụ Ọdịdị, theoretical ndabere bụ "okpukpu eletrik okpukpu abụọ Ọdịdị".
    N'okwu a, a na-etinye ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ iji mebie ihe owuwu bilayer eletrik kwụsiri ike yana iji mee ka usoro emulsification guzosie ike iji nweta nkewa nke akụkụ abụọ ahụ. A na-akpọ ndị ọrụ ndị a iji nweta mmebi nke emulsification emulsion breakers.

    Ngwa isi

    Demulsifier bụ ihe na-emepụta ihe, nke nwere ike ime ka emulsion dị ka mmiri mmiri na-ebibi ihe, iji nweta nzube nke emulsion na nkewa nke usoro dị iche iche. Deemulsification crude mmanụ na-ezo aka iji mmetụta kemịkal nke emulsion na-agbaji mmadụ ịhapụ mmanụ na mmiri n'ime ngwakọta mmanụ emulsified iji nweta ebumnuche nke akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ mmanụ, iji hụ na ọkọlọtọ nke ọdịnaya mmiri crude mmanụ maka mpụga. nnyefe.
    The irè nkewa nke organic na aqueous n'ụzọ, otu n'ime ndị kasị mfe na kasị dị irè ụzọ bụ iji demulsifier wepụ emulsification na-etolite ihe emulsified interface na a ụfọdụ ike iji nweta nkewa nke abụọ n'ụzọ. Otú ọ dị, demulsifier dị iche iche nwere ikike imebi emulsion dị iche iche maka akụkụ nke organic, na ịrụ ọrụ ya na-emetụta mmetụta nkewa nke abụọ. N'ime usoro mmepụta penicillin, usoro dị mkpa bụ iwepụta penicillin na broth gbaa ụka penicillin nwere ihe mgbaze organic (dị ka butyl acetate). Ebe ọ bụ na gbaa ụka efere nwere ogige nke na-edozi, sugars, mycelium, wdg, interface n'etiti organic na aqueous n'ụzọ bụ edoghị n'oge mmịpụta, na emulsification mpaghara bụ nke ụfọdụ ike, nke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mkpụrụ nke okokụre ngwaahịa.

    Demulsifier nkịtị - Ndị na-esonụ bụ isi ihe na-abụghị ionic demulsifier a na-ejikarị n'ubi mmanụ.

    Ụdị Demulsifier SP

    Isi ihe dị n'ụdị emulsion Breaker SP bụ polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene octadecyl ether, usoro nhazi usoro nhazi bụ R (PO) x (EO) y (PO) zH, ebe: EO-polyoxyethylene; PO-polyoxypropylene; mmanya na-egbu R-aliphatic; x, y, z-polymerization ogo.SP-ụdị demulsifier nwere ọdịdị nke ìhè edo edo mado, HLB uru nke 10 ~ 12, soluble na mmiri. Ụdị SP nke na-abụghị ionic demulsifier nwere mmetụta na-ekpochapụ nke ọma na mmanụ crude dabeere na paraffin. Akụkụ hydrophobic ya bụ carbon 12 ~ 18 hydrocarbon chains, na otu hydrophilic ya bụ hydrophilic site na omume nke hydroxyl (-OH) na ether (-O-) dị na molekul na mmiri iji mepụta njikọ hydrogen. Ebe ọ bụ na hydroxyl na ether dị iche iche na-adịghị ike hydrophilic, ọ bụ naanị otu ma ọ bụ abụọ hydroxyl ma ọ bụ ether dị iche iche enweghị ike ịdọrọ hydrophobic otu carbon 12 ~ 18 hydrocarbon n'ime mmiri, a ghaghị inwe ihe karịrị otu ìgwè hydrophilic dị otú ahụ iji nweta nzube nke mmiri solubility. Ka ibu molekụla nke ndị na-abụghị ionic demulsifier na-abawanye, ogologo yinye molekụla ahụ, ka hydroxyl na otu ether dị n'ime ya, ka ike ịdọrọ ya na-abawanye, na-esiwanye ike na-emebi ike nke emulsions mmanụ. Ihe ọzọ mere SP demulsifier ji dị mma maka mmanụ crude dabeere na paraffin bụ na mmanụ crude nke dabeere na paraffin nwere enweghị ma ọ bụ obere chịngọm na asphaltene, obere ihe ndị na-emepụta lipophilic na obere njupụta. Maka mmanụ crude nwere nnukwu chịngọm na ọdịnaya asphaltene (ma ọ bụ ọdịnaya mmiri karịrị 20%), ikike nke demulsifier nke ụdị demulsifier SP na-esiwanye ike n'ihi otu ihe owuwu molekụla, enweghị usoro nke nwere alaka na ihe owuwu aromatic.

    Demulsifier ụdị AP

    AP-ụdị demulsifier bụ polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether na polyethylene polyamine dị ka onye mmalite, a multi-alaka ụdị nonionic surfactant na molekụla Ọdịdị usoro: D (PO) x (EO) y (PO) zH, ebe: EO - polyoxyethylene; PO - polyoxypropylene; R - mmanya na-aba n'anya; D - polyethylene amine: x, y, z - ogo nke polymerization.
    AP-ụdị Ọdịdị demulsifier maka paraffin dabeere crude mmanụ demulsification, mmetụta dị mma karịa SP-ụdị demulsifier, ọ na-adabara maka crude mmanụ ọdịnaya dị elu karịa 20% nke crude mmanụ demulsifier, na ike nweta ngwa ngwa demulsifying mmetụta n'okpuru ala okpomọkụ. ọnọdụ. Ọ bụrụ na SP-ụdị demulsifier edozi na demulsify emulsion n'ime 55 ~ 60 ℃ na 2h, AP-ụdị demulsifier naanị kwesịrị idozi na demulsify emulsion n'ime 45 ~ 50 ℃ na 1.5h. Nke a bụ n'ihi njirimara nhazi nke molekul demulsifier ụdị AP. Onye na-emepụta polyethylene polyamine na-ekpebi ụdị nhazi nke molecule: eriri molecular dị ogologo na alaka, na ike hydrophilic dị elu karịa nke ụdị SP-ụdị demulsifier nwere otu ihe nhazi. Ihe e ji mara nke ọtụtụ alaka yinye na-ekpebi ụdị demulsifier AP nwere oke wettability na permeability, mgbe mmanụ crude demulsifying, AP-ụdị demulsifier ụmụ irighiri ihe nwere ike banye ngwa ngwa banye na mmanụ-mmiri interface film, karịa SP-ụdị demulsifier ụmụ irighiri ihe nke vetikal. Nhazi ihe nkiri otu molecule na-eburu ebe dị elu karịa, yabụ obere usoro onunu ogwu, nsonaazụ emulsion pụtara doro anya. Ugbu a, ụdị demulsifier a bụ ihe kacha mma na-abụghị ionic demulsifier eji na Daqing oilfield.

    Demulsifier ụdị AE

    AE-ụdị demulsifier bụ a polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether na polyethylene polyamine dị ka onye mmalite, nke bụ a multi-alaka ụdị nke nonionic surfactant. E jiri ya tụnyere ụdị demulsifier nke AP, ihe dị iche bụ na ụdị demulsifier AE bụ polymer nke abụọ nwere obere ụmụ irighiri ihe na obere eriri alaka. Usoro nhazi ihe omimi bụ: D (PO) x (EO) yH, ebe: EO - polyoxyethylene: PO - polyoxypropylene: D - polyethylene polyamine; x, y - ogo nke polymerization. Ọ bụ ezie na akụkụ molekụla nke AE-ụdị demulsifier na ụdị AP-ụdị demulsifier dị nnọọ iche, ma ihe mejupụtara molekụla bụ otu, naanị na monomer doses na polymerization order iche.
    (1) demulsifier abụọ na-abụghị ionic na nhazi nke njikọ, isi na ọdụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe eji eme ihe dị iche iche, na-eme ka ogologo nke polymerization molecules dị iche iche.
    (2) AP-ụdị demulsifier molecule bụ bipartite, na polyethylene polyamine dị ka onye mmalite, na polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene polymerization na-etolite ngọngọ copolymer: AE-ụdị demulsifier molecule bụ bipartite, na polyethylene polyamine dị ka onye mmalite, na polyoxyethylene, polyoxyethylene forming polymer copolymer. , Ya mere, imewe nke ụdị AP-ụdị demulsifier molecule kwesịrị ịdị ogologo karịa ụdị AE-ụdị demulsifier molecule.
     

    AE-ụdị bụ a abụọ-ogbo multi-alaka Ọdịdị crude mmanụ demulsifier, nke na-na-emegharị ka demulsification nke asphaltene crude mmanụ emulsions. Ka ọdịnaya nke lipophilic surfactant dị na mmanụ crude bituminous, ka ike viscous na-esiwanye ike, obere ọdịiche dị n'etiti mmanụ na njupụta mmiri, ọ dịghị mfe iji demulsify emulsion. A na-eji ụdị demulsifier AE mee ihe iji demulsify emulsion ngwa ngwa, ma n'otu oge ahụ, ụdị AE-ụdị demulsifier bụ ihe na-ebelata viscosity nke ka mma. N'ihi usoro mkpụrụ ndụ nke nwere ọtụtụ alaka, ọ dị mfe ịmepụta obere netwọkụ, nke mere na otu kristal nke paraffin etolitela na mmanụ cru na-adaba na netwọkụ ndị a, na-egbochi mmegharị nke otu kristal nke paraffin na enweghị ike ijikọ na nke ọ bụla. ndị ọzọ, na-akpụ net Ọdịdị nke paraffin, ibelata viscosity na kefriza ebe nke crude mmanụ na-egbochi mkpokọta nke wax kristal, si otú imezu nzube nke mgbochi wax.

    Demulsifier ụdị AR

    Ụdị demulsifier nke AR bụ nke alkyl phenolic resin (AR resin) na polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene na ụdị ọhụrụ mmanụ-soluble na-abụghị ionic demulsifier, HLB uru nke banyere 4 ~ 8, ala demulsifying okpomọkụ nke 35 ~ 45 ℃. Usoro nhazi ihe omimi bụ: AR (PO) x (EO) yH, ebe: EO-polyoxyethylene; PO-polyoxypropylene; AR-resin; x, y, z-ogo nke polymerization.Na usoro nke synthesizing demulsifier, AR resin na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ma onye mmalite ma na-abanye na molekul nke demulsifier ka ọ ghọọ lipophilic otu. The e ji mara nke AR-ụdị demulsifier bụ: molekul bụ bụghị nnukwu, n'ihe banyere crude mmanụ solidification ebe elu karịa 5 ℃ nwere mma mgbasa, mgbasa, penetration mmetụta, ngwa ngwa emulsified mmiri ụmụ irighiri mmiri flocculation, agglomeration. Ọ nwere ike wepụ ihe karịrị 80 % mmiri site na mmanụ crude na mmiri ọdịnaya nke 50 % ~ 70 % na n'okpuru 45 ℃ na 45 min wepụ ihe karịrị 80 % mmiri site crude mmanụ na mmiri ọdịnaya nke 50 % ka 70 %, nke. enweghị atụ na ụdị SP na ụdị demulsifier AP.
    Oge nzipu: Mar-22-2022