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Nsogbu ụfụfụ na ọgwụgwọ mmiri agbagwojuru ọtụtụ mmadụ anya. Na ọkwa mbụ nke inye ọrụ, ụfụfụ, ụfụfụ surfactant, ụfụfụ mmetụta, ụfụfụ peroxide, ụfụfụ nke a na-emepụta site na ịgbakwunye bactericide na-abụghị oxidizing na-ekesa mmiri mmiri, wdg, ya mere, iji defoamer mee ihe na ọgwụgwọ mmiri bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Isiokwu a na-ewebata n'ụzọ zuru ezu ụkpụrụ, nhazi ọkwa, nhọrọ na usoro onunu ogwu nke defoamer!

★ mkpochapụ nke ụfụfụ

1. Ụzọ anụ ahụ

Site n'echiche anụ ahụ, ụzọ iji kpochapụ ụfụfụ gụnyere ịtinye ihe nzacha ma ọ bụ nzacha ihuenyo, mgbakasị igwe, ọkụ eletrik kwụ ọtọ, kefriza, kpo oku, uzuoku, ray irradiation, elu-ọsọ centrifugation, mgbali mbelata, elu-ugboro ịma jijiji, ozugbo mwepu. na ultrasonic (acoustic mmiri mmiri akara). Ụzọ ndị a niile na-akwalite ọnụego nnyefe gas na njedebe abụọ nke ihe nkiri mmiri mmiri na nkwụsị nke mmiri mmiri nke ihe nkiri afụ na ogo dị iche iche, na-eme ka ihe nkwụsi ike nke ụfụfụ dị ntakịrị karịa ihe attenuation, nke mere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụfụfụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata. Otú ọ dị, ihe na-adịghị mma nke ụzọ ndị a bụ na ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi na-egbochi ha nke ukwuu ma nwee obere nkwụsịtụ. Uru ndị dị na ya bụ nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ojiji.

2. Usoro ọgwụ

Ụzọ kemịkalụ iji kpochapụ ụfụfụ gụnyere usoro mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ yana ịgbakwunye defoamer.

Usoro mmeghachi omume nke kemịkalụ na-ezo aka na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ n'etiti onye na-eme ụfụfụ na onye na-agbapụta ụfụfụ site n'ịgbakwunye ụfọdụ reagents na-emepụta ihe ndị na-adịghị edozi mmiri, si otú a na-ebelata ntinye nke surfactant na fim mmiri mmiri ma na-akwalite nkwụsị nke ụfụfụ. Otú ọ dị, usoro a nwere ụfọdụ adịghị ike, dị ka ejighị n'aka nke foaming gị n'ụlọnga mejupụtara na mmebi nke insoluble bekee na usoro akụrụngwa. Ụzọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụfụ n'ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche n'oge a bụ usoro a na-agbakwunye ndị defoamers. Uru kacha mma nke usoro a bụ oke arụrụ arụ ya na ịdị mfe iji. Otú ọ dị, ịchọta defoamer kwesịrị ekwesị ma dị irè bụ isi ihe.

★The ụkpụrụ nke defoamer

Defoamers, nke a makwaara dị ka defoamers, nwere ụkpụrụ ndị a:

1. The usoro nke ụfụfụ local n'elu erughị ala Mbelata na-eduga ụfụfụ bursting bụ na elu alcohols ma ọ bụ akwukwo nri mmanụ na-efesa na ụfụfụ, na mgbe etisasịwo n'ime ụfụfụ mmiri mmiri, elu esemokwu ga-budata ibelata. N'ihi na ihe ndị a n'ozuzu nwere obere solubility na mmiri, Mbelata nke elu esemokwu na-ejedebeghị na mpaghara nke ụfụfụ, mgbe elu esemokwu gburugburu ụfụfụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dịghị mgbanwe. A na-adọta akụkụ ahụ nke nwere esemokwu elu dị ntakịrị na-adọkpụ ma gbasaa n'akụkụ niile, na n'ikpeazụ agbaji.

2. Mbibi nke akpụkpọ ahụ elasticity na-eduga na afụ na-agbaji defoamer agbakwunyere na usoro ụfụfụ, nke ga-agbasa na interface gas-mmiri mmiri, na-eme ka o sie ike maka surfactant na ụfụfụ stabilizing mmetụta iji nwetaghachi akpụkpọ ahụ elasticity.

3. Defoamers nke na-akwalite ihe nkiri mmiri mmiri nwere ike ịkwalite ihe nkiri mmiri mmiri, si otú a na-eme ka egosipụta na-agbawa. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụfụfụ ụfụfụ nwere ike igosi nkwụsi ike nke ụfụfụ. Ịtinye ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-agbapụta ụfụfụ ngwa ngwa nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ n'ịgbapụ ụfụfụ.

4. Ịgbakwunye ihe ndị siri ike hydrophobic nwere ike ime ka afụ na-agbawa n'elu ihe ndị ahụ. Ihe siri ike nke hydrophobic na-adọta njedebe hydrophobic nke surfactant, na-eme ka akụkụ hydrophobic hydrophilic na ịbanye na mmiri mmiri, si otú ahụ na-ekere òkè na nkwụsịtụ.

5. Solubilizing na ụfụfụ surfactants nwere ike ime ka afụ gbawaa. Ụfọdụ ihe dị arọ molekụla dị ala nke nwere ike ịgwakọta ya na ngwọta nwere ike ime ka surfactant na-ebelata ma belata ntinye ya dị irè. Ngwakọta molekụla dị ala nwere mmetụta a, dị ka octanol, ethanol, propanol na mmanya ndị ọzọ, ọ bụghị naanị na-ebelata mkpokọta surfactant na oyi akwa dị n'elu, kamakwa na-agbari n'ime akwa adsorption nke surfactant, na-ebelata compactness nke ụmụ irighiri ihe, si otú a na-ebelata nkwụsi ike. nke ụfụfụ.

6.Electrolyte mmebi surfactant okpukpu abụọ eletriki oyi akwa na-arụ a defoaming ọrụ na mmekọrịta nke surfactant okpukpu abụọ electric oyi akwa na ụfụfụ na-emepụta anụ ụfụfụ mmiri mmiri. Ịgbakwunye electrolyte nkịtị nwere ike daa oyi akwa eletrik okpukpu abụọ nke surfactant.

★ nhazi ọkwa nke defoamers

Enwere ike kewaa ndị defoamers ndị a na-ejikarị na silicone (resin), surfactant, alkane, na mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ dị ka ihe mejupụtara ha si dị.

1. Silicone (resin) defoamers, nke a makwaara dị ka emulsion defoamers, na-eji emulsifying na ịgbasa resin silicone na emulsifiers (surfactants) na mmiri tupu ịtinye ya na mmiri mmiri. Silicon dioxide dị mma ntụ ntụ bụ ụdị ọzọ nke defoamer dabeere na silicon nke nwere mmetụta mbibi ka mma.

2. Surfactants ndị dị otú ahụ defoamers bụ n'ezie emulsifiers, ya bụ, ha na-eji dispersion nke surfactants na-ụfụ na-akpụ bekee na anụ emulsified steeti na mmiri, nke mere na iji zere guzobe ụfụfụ.

3. Defoamers dabeere Alkane bụ defoamers mere site emulsifying na-achụsasị paraffin wax ma ọ bụ ya mmepụta iji emulsifiers. Ojiji ha yiri nke ndị defoamers dabere na surfactant.

4.Mineral mmanụ bụ isi ihe na-emebi ụfụfụ. Iji meziwanye mmetụta ahụ, mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ejikọta ncha ígwè, mmanụ silicone, silica na ihe ndị ọzọ maka iji ya mee ihe. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike ịgbakwunye ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche mgbe ụfọdụ iji mee ka mgbasa nke mmanụ ịnweta n'elu n'elu ihe ngwọta nke ụfụfụ ma ọ bụ kwasasịa ncha ígwè na ihe ndị ọzọ dị na mmanụ ịnweta.
★ Uru na ọghọm dị iche iche nke defoamers

Nnyocha na ntinye nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe dị ka mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ, amides, obere alcohols, fatty acids na fatty acid esters, phosphate esters, wdg dị ntakịrị n'oge ma bụrụ nke ọgbọ mbụ nke defoamers. Ha nwere uru nke ịnweta ngwa ngwa dị mfe, arụmọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi dị elu, na ọnụ ahịa mmepụta dị ala; Ọdịmma ndị a bụ obere arụrụ ụfụfụ, nkọwa siri ike, na ọnọdụ ojiji siri ike.

Polyether defoamers bụ ọgbọ nke abụọ defoamers, tumadi gụnyere ogologo yinye polyether, polyether na-amalite site alcohols ma ọ bụ amonia, na polyether mmepụta na njedebe otu esterification. Nnukwu uru nke ndị defoamers polyether bụ ike ha na-egbochi ụfụfụ siri ike. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ụfọdụ ndị defoamers polyether nwekwara ihe ndị magburu onwe ha dị ka okpomọkụ dị elu, acid siri ike na alkali na-eguzogide; Ọdịmma ndị a na-ejedebe site na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, ebe ngwa ngwa dị warara, ike imebi ụfụfụ na-adịghị mma, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nkwụsịtụ dị ala.

Organic silicone defoamers (defoamers ọgbọ nke atọ) na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ike nkwụsị ngwa ngwa, nkwụsịtụ dị ala, enweghị nsí na gburugburu ebe obibi, enweghị inertia physiological, na ọtụtụ ngwa. Ya mere, ha nwere atụmanya ngwa sara mbara na nnukwu ahịa ahịa, mana arụrụ arụrụ arụ ha adịghị mma.

Polyether modified polysiloxane defoamer na-ejikọta uru nke ma polyether defoamers na organosilicon defoamers, na bụ ntụziaka mmepe nke defoamers. Mgbe ụfọdụ enwere ike iji ya mee ihe na-adabere na ngbanwe ya, ma ugbu a enwere ụdị ụdị defoamers ole na ole na ha ka nọ na nyocha na mmepe mmepe, na-akpata ụgwọ ọrụ dị elu.

★ Nhọrọ nke defoamers

Nhọrọ nke defoamers kwesịrị iru ihe ndị a:

1. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị ike ma ọ bụ na-adịghị edozi na ngwọta ụfụfụ, ọ ga-agbaji ụfụfụ ahụ. The defoamer kwesịrị itinye uche na ihe nkiri ụfụfụ. Maka ndị na-agbapụ ụfụfụ, ha kwesịrị itinye uche na itinye uche n'otu ntabi anya, ebe maka ụfụfụ ụfụfụ, a ga-edobe ha na steeti a mgbe niile. N'ihi ya, defoamers na-na a supersaturated ala na ụfụfụ mmiri mmiri, na naanị insoluble ma ọ bụ emezighituri soluble ndị na-adịkarị mfe iru supersaturation. Na-adịghị ike ma ọ bụ siri ike igbari, ọ dị mfe nchịkọta na gas-mmiri interface, dị mfe itinye uche na akpụkpọ ahụ afụ, ma nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ na obere mkpokọta. The defoamer eji na usoro mmiri, ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ, ga-abụrịrị hydrophobic siri ike na nke na-adịghị ike, yana uru HLB dị na 1.5-3 maka mmetụta kacha mma.

2. Esemokwu dị n'elu dị ala karịa nke mmiri na-agbapụta ụfụfụ, na naanị mgbe ike intermolecular nke defoamer dị ntakịrị na esemokwu dị n'elu dị ala karịa nke mmiri ụfụfụ, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere ike ịbanye ma gbasaa na ihe nkiri ụfụfụ. Okwesiri iburu n'uche na esemokwu elu nke ihe ngwọta nke ụfụfụ abụghị ihe mgbagwoju anya nke ngwọta, kama ọ bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya nke ngwọta nke ụfụfụ.

3. Enwere ogo ụfọdụ nke mmekọrịta na mmiri ụfụfụ. Dị ka usoro nchacha bụ n'ezie asọmpi n'etiti ụfụfụ ụfụfụ na ọsọ ọgbọ nke ụfụfụ, onye na-eme ihe ga-enwe ike ịgbasa ngwa ngwa n'ime mmiri na-esi ísì ụtọ ka o wee mee ngwa ngwa na-ekere òkè n'ọtụtụ dịgasị iche iche nke mmiri mmiri. Iji mee ka defoamer na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke defoamer ga-enwerịrị ihe jikọrọ ya na ngwọta ụfụfụ. Ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke ndị defoamers dị nso na mmiri mmiri na-afụ ụfụ ga-agbaze; Ọ dị obere ma sie ike ịgbasa. Naanị mgbe nso nso kwesịrị ekwesị nwere ike ịdị irè.

4. Defoamers adịghị enweta mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na mmiri mmiri na-afụ ụfụ. Mgbe ndị defoamers na-emeghachi omume na mmiri na-afụ ụfụfụ, ha na-efunahụ uru ha ma nwee ike ịmepụta ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ na-emetụta uto microbial.

5.Low volatility na ogologo oge nke ime ihe. Nke mbụ, ọ dị mkpa iji chọpụta ma usoro nke chọrọ iji defoamers bụ mmiri dabeere na mmiri ma ọ bụ mmanụ. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ịgba ụka, a ga-eji ndị defoamers mmanụ dị ka silicone gbanwetụrụ ma ọ bụ polyether dabere na mmanụ. Ụlọ ọrụ mkpuchi mmiri na-achọ ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri na-emepụta mmiri na ihe ndị na-emepụta silicon. Họrọ defoamer, tulee ego agbakwunyere, ma dabere na ọnụahịa ntụaka, chọpụta ngwaahịa defoamer kacha dabara adaba na nke akụ na ụba.

★Ihe na-emetụta irè nke defoamer iji

1. The dispersibility na elu Njirimara nke defoamers na ngwọta budata emetụta ndị ọzọ defoaming Njirimara. Ndị defoamers kwesịrị inwe ogo nke mgbasa ozi kwesịrị ekwesị, na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị buru ibu ma ọ bụ dị ntakịrị na nha nwere ike imetụta ọrụ nkwụsịtụ ha.

2. Ndakọrịta nke defoamer na usoro ụfụfụ Mgbe a na-agbaze surfactant kpamkpam na ngwọta mmiri mmiri, a na-ahazikarị ntụziaka na gas-mmiri interface nke ụfụfụ iji mee ka ụfụfụ kwụsị. Mgbe surfactant bụ insoluble ma ọ bụ supersaturated ala, ahụ na-agbasasị na ngwọta na imubanye na ụfụfụ, na ụfụfụ eme ihe dị ka defoamer.

3. Okpomọkụ ikuku nke usoro ụfụfụ na okpomọkụ nke mmiri mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ nwekwara ike imetụta arụmọrụ nke defoamer. Mgbe okpomọkụ nke mmiri mmiri na-afụ ụfụ n'onwe ya dị elu, a na-atụ aro ka iji defoamer pụrụ iche na-eguzogide okpomọkụ, n'ihi na ọ bụrụ na a na-eji defoamer nkịtị eme ihe, a ga-ebelata mmetụta defoaming nke ukwuu, na defoamer ga-ehichapụ mmiri ahụ ozugbo.

4. The nkwakọ, nchekwa, na njem nke defoamers kwesịrị ekwesị maka nchekwa na 5-35 ℃, na shelf ndụ bụ n'ozuzu 6 ọnwa. Edokwala ya n'akụkụ ebe okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ kpughee ya na ìhè anyanwụ. Dịka ụzọ nchekwa kemịkalụ a na-ejikarị, hụ na a na-emechi akara mgbe ejiri ya iji zere mmebi.

6.The mgbakwunye ruru nke defoamers na mbụ ngwọta na diluted ngwọta nwere ụfọdụ deviation ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, na ruru bụ hà. N'ihi ntanye dị ala nke surfactant, ude mmiri defoamer na-esighi ike nke ukwuu na ọ gaghị emebi ngwa ngwa. Ịrụpụta ụfụfụ adịghị mma, nke na-adabaghị maka nchekwa ogologo oge. A na-atụ aro ka iji ozugbo mgbe dilution. Oke defoamer agbakwunyere kwesịrị ka enyocha ya site na nnwale saịtị iji nyochaa ịdị irè ya, na ekwesighi ịgbakwunye oke.

★ The onunu ogwu nke defoamer

Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị defoamers, na usoro achọrọ maka ụdị defoamers dị iche iche dị iche iche. N'okpuru ebe a, anyị ga-ewebata usoro onunu ogwu nke ụdị defoamers isii:

1. Mmanya defoamer: Mgbe ị na-eji ndị na-egbu mmanya na-egbu egbu, usoro ọgwụgwọ na-adịkarị n'ime 0.01-0.10%.

2. Ndị defoamers dabeere na mmanụ: Ọnụ ego ndị defoamers na-agbanye mmanụ dị n'etiti 0.05-2%, na ọnụọgụ nke fatty acid ester defoamers agbakwunyere dị n'etiti 0.002-0.2%.

3. Amide defoamers: Amide defoamers nwere mmetụta dị mma, na mgbakwunye ego na-adịkarị n'ime 0.002-0.005%.

4. Phosphoric acid defoamer: Phosphoric acid defoamers bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na eriri na mmanụ mmanụ, na-agbakwunye ego n'etiti 0.025-0.25%.

5. Amine defoamer: Amine defoamers na-ejikarị eme ihe na nhazi fiber, na-agbakwunye ego nke 0.02-2%.

7.Ether dabeere defoamers: Ether dabeere defoamers na-ejikarị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ, dyeing, na ihicha, na-ahụkarị doseji nke 0.025-0.25%.