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Surfactants ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ ogige dị arọ molekụla nwere ịdị arọ molekụla dị ọtụtụ narị. N'ọtụtụ isiokwu na-ekpo ọkụ dị ka mgbake mmanụ na-emewanyewanye, nchọpụta miri emi banyere ndị na-ebu ọgwụ na ntọhapụ a na-achịkwa, simulation biological, polymer LB film, ọgwụ polymer material (anticoagulant), ude mmiri polymerization, wdg, na-arịwanye elu dị iche iche na ihe dị elu chọrọ maka surfactants. Ogige polymer surfactant aghọwo ihe a na-elekwasị anya.
A na-akpọkarị ihe ndị nwere ibu molekụla dị ọtụtụ puku ma ọ bụ karịa yana ọrụ elu dị ka ihe ndị na-ahụ maka ịdị arọ molekụla dị elu. Yiri surfactants nkịtị, ọ nweghị usoro nhazi ọkwa maka polymer surfactants. Dị ka nhazi nke surfactants dị arọ molekụla dị ala dabere na ionicity ha na mmiri, enwere ike kewaa ha n'ime anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, na ụdị nonionic. Dị ka ma a na-emepụta micelles na ngwọta, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime ncha na mmiri na-agbaze polymer surfactants.
Polysoap
A na-ana ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ncha, dịka polyelectrolytes. N'ezie, ọtụtụ ncha bụ ngwaahịa nke hydrophobic modification nke polyelectrolytes na n'ozuzu insoluble na mmiri. Enwere ụdị ncha dị iche iche ugbu a (ebe R na-anọchite anya alkyl ogologo ogologo):
Mmiri polymer surfactant soluble
Polymer surfactants nke na-adịghị etolite micelles na ngwọta bụ n'ozuzu mmiri-soluble surfactants polymer. Dị ka isi mmalite ha si kwuo, enwere ike kewaa ha ụzọ atọ: eke, semi synthetic, na sịntetik polymer surfactants.
polymers eke dị ka dị iche iche nkịtị osisi chịngọm, starches, microbial fermented polysaccharides, wdg;
Semi sịntetik polymers dị iche iche enwetara site kemịkalụ mgbanwe nke starch, cellulose, na protein, dị ka cationic starch, methyl cellulose, wdg;
A na-enweta polymers sịntetik site na polymerizing monomers sitere na petrochemicals, dị ka ihe nrụpụta polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, wdg.
Nkewa nke Polymer Surfactants
Dabere na ionity ha na mmiri, enwere ike kewaa ha n'ime ụdị anionic, cationic, zwitterionic na ndị na-abụghị ionic.
Anionic polymer surfactant
(1) Ụdị polymers nke carboxylic acid a na-ahụkarị gụnyere polyacrylic acid na ndị na-emepụta ya, butenoic acid na copolymers, acrylic acid maleic anhydride copolymers, na ngwaahịa saponified akụkụ ha.
(2) polymers a na-ahụkarị nke ụdị ester sulfate gụnyere:
(3) Sulfonic acid ụdị
Ụfọdụ sulfonated polystyrene, benzenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, sulfonated polybutadiene, wdg Lignosulfonate bụkwa a sulfonic acid ụdị polymer surfactant. A na-ahụkarị sulfonic acid dabere na polymer surfactants gụnyere:
Cationic polymer surfactant
Amine salts ma ọ bụ polyamines dị ka polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymaleimide, na usoro ha. Ụdị polymer gụnyere:
(2) Nnu ammonium nke anọ
Dị ka quaternized polyacrylamide, polyvinyl pyridine nnu, polydimethylamine epichlorohydrin, wdg Quaternary ammonium polymer surfactants na-egosipụta cationic Njirimara na acidic, nnọpụiche, na alkaline aqueous media. Ngwaahịa ndị nnọchi anya gụnyere:
Amphoteric polymer surfactant
Ụdị ndị bụ isi gụnyere acrylic vinyl pyridine copolymer, acrylic acid, cationic acrylic ester copolymer, amphoteric polyacrylamide, wdg, dị ka:
Ihe ndị na-adịghị ion polymer surfactants
Ụdị dị iche iche gụnyere mmanya mmanya polyvinyl na ngwaahịa ya ma ọ bụ acetalized, dị ka polyacrylamide gbanwetụrụ, maleic anhydride copolymer, polyacrylate, polyether, polyethylene oxide propylene oxide, resin phenolic mmiri na-agbaze, resin amino, wdg.
Ọdịdị na Njirimara nke Polymer Surfactants
Ọrụ elu nke polymer surfactants na-adabere na morphology nke macromolecules na ngwọta, nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na nhazi kemịkalụ amphiphilic, ihe mejupụtara, na ịdị arọ molekul nke macromolecules.
Mgbochi ụdị surfactant
A na-ekesa akụkụ hydrophobic dị iche iche na agbụ isi nke macromolecules, na ogologo kwesịrị ekwesị nke usoro hydrophobic hydrophilic ga-egbochi nke ọma nchịkọta onwe nke akụkụ hydrophobic (na-eme otu-molecule micelles) ma ọ bụ nchịkọta intermolecular (nchịkọta ọtụtụ molecule).
surfactant nwere ụdị comb
Comb ekara surfactants nwere uru dị mfe nkwadebe na iche iche iche. Enwere ike nweta ihe ndị dị n'elu site na homopolymerization ma ọ bụ copolymerization nke ma nwoke na nwanyị na amphiphilic monomers. Dabere na ọnọdụ nke hydrophobic na hydrophilic otu, ha na-egosiputa dị iche iche kemịkalụ kemịkalụ.
N'ihi ọnụnọ nke ìgwè hydrophilic na agbụ n'akụkụ, a na-egbochi nchịkọta na njikọ nke akụkụ hydrophobic. Ọbụlagodi na micelles ndị a kpụrụlarị, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-akpachi anya nke ọma, ime ime ahụ adịghị mma ma ka nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke mkpụrụ ndụ mmiri, si otú a na-egosipụta ọrụ elu elu; Ka ọ dị ugbu a, n'ihi nhazi ahụ, alaka amphiphilic nwere ike igbochi njikọ nke hydrophobic isi chains nke mejupụtara methylene na methylene otu, na-enye ha ohere isonye na mgbasa ozi interfacial.
Nnyocha egosiwo na ihe ọ bụla na-eme ka agbụ nke ụdọ molekụla na-emewanye ka ọ bụrụ na ị na-ejigide solubility bara uru maka ịgbatị macromolecules na ngwọta ma nwee ike ịkwalite ọrụ elu nke polymers.
Ngwa nke Polymer Surfactants
Ngwa na ụlọ ọrụ obibi akwụkwọ na akwa akwa
A na-ejikarị polyether dabeere na polymer surfactants dị ka obere ụfụfụ, emulsifiers, dispersants, defoamers, antistatic agents, wetting agents, printing and dyeing agents, wdg; A na-eji mmanya polyvinyl na ogige macromolecular ndị ọzọ eme ihe dị ka ndị na-ebu ibu na colloid na-echebe na nkwadebe nke ibipụta ude na ịcha akwa; A na-eji ihe ndị na-emepụta cellulose dị ka carboxymethyl cellulose mee ihe na ncha dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara imebi; A na-eji Lignosulfonate na phenolic condensate sulfonate mee ihe dị ka ndị na-ekesa maka agba agba na-adịghị edozi.
Oge nzipu: Jan-09-2025