Na mgbakwunye na a na-eji n'ọtụtụ ebe na ncha na ịchọ mma ụlọ ọrụ, surfactants na-ejikwa dị ka adjuvants ma ọ bụ ihe mgbakwunye na omenala ụlọ ọrụ dị ka nri, mmiri ara ehi, papermaking, akpụkpọ anụ, iko, mmanụ ala, chemical eri, textiles, ibipụta na dyeing, eserese, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, pesticides, ihe nkiri, ígwè ọrụ mmepụta ihe, foto, ọhụrụ ihe na-ewu ụlọ, foto, ígwè, ihe na-ewu ụlọ. nakwa dị ka elu-tech ubi. Ọ bụ ezie na ha anaghị abụkarị ihe bụ isi nke ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ha nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'ịgbakwụnye mmecha na mmepụta nke ngwaahịa dị iche iche. Ọ bụ ezie na ojiji ya adịghị nnukwu, ọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịbawanye ụdị ngwaahịa dị iche iche, ibelata oriri, ịchekwa ike, na imeziwanye mma.

 

1. Ngwa nkeSurfactantsna ụlọ ọrụ textile

A na-eji ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ akwa. N'ime usoro nhazi akwa dị iche iche dị ka ịgbagharị, ịgbagharị, nha, ịcha akwa ma ọ bụ ịcha akwa, nchacha (ịcha ọcha), ịcha akwa, ibipụta na imecha, surfactants ma ọ bụ surfactants dị ka ihe mgbakwunye bụ isi kwesịrị iji mee ka arụmọrụ dịkwuo mma, mee ka usoro dị mfe, melite arụmọrụ, na ịkwalite mma. N'ime ngwa bara uru,surfactantsA na-eji dị ka ncha, wetting agents, penetrating agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, foaming agents, defoamers, smoothing agents, dispersants, leveling agents, dyeing retarders, fixing agents, refining agents, softeners, anti-static agents, waterproofing agents, defoamers) bụ ndị na-adịghị edozi ihe eji eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe na-adịghị mma. surfactants. N'agbanyeghị na oke oriri ha ejirila nke nta nke nta belata n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ojiji ha ka dị nnukwu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ndị ọzọ. Ha na-ọtụtụ-eji dị ka solubilizers, detergents, wetting mmadụ, dispersants, emulsifiers, leveling mmadụ, refining mmadụ, softeners, mgbochi static mmadụ, wdg Anionic surfactants na-tumadi ji dị ka detergents, penetrants, wetting mmadụ, emulsifiers, na dispersants na ionic surfactants; A na-ejikarị cationic surfactants, nke nwere ike ịbanye na akwa akwa n'ihi ụgwọ na-adịghị mma nke fibers, dị ka ihe na-eme ka ákwà dị nro, ndị na-edozi ọkwa, ihe mkpuchi mmiri, ihe mgbochi static, na ndị na-edozi agba; A na-ejikarị surfactants bipolar eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị larịị maka ihe eji esiji igwe dị mgbagwoju anya ọla, ihe nro akwa na ihe mgbochi static.

 

2. Ngwa nke Surfactants na akpụkpọ anụ na aji Industry

The akpụkpọ anụ ime usoro bụ nnọọ mgbagwoju na tedious, na-achọ multiple nzọụkwụ si iferi akpụkpọ na okokụre akpụkpọ anụ. Tupu tanning, a ga-arụ ọrụ nkwadebe dị ka ịtinye na mmiri, ịgbanye ntụ, nro nke enzymatic, ịtinye acid, deacidification na defatting kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ; A na-achọkwa ka agbacha akpụkpọ anụ, agba agba, ịcha abụba, na imecha ya. Usoro ndị a niile chọrọ iji surfactants dị ka ihe mgbakwunye iji kwalite mmetụta physicochemical na usoro nke usoro nke ọ bụla, belata usoro mmepụta, melite ogo akpụkpọ anụ, na ịchekwa akụrụngwa kemịkal.

Nhazi ajị anụ na-achọkwa usoro dị iche iche, gụnyere ịrapara, nbibi, ime nro, tanning, ịcha ọcha, ịcha akwa, ịcha abụba, na imecha, ihe niile chọrọ iji surfactants dị ka mgbakwunye. Ime akpụkpọ anụ na-achọ iwepụ ntutu anụ anụmanụ, ebe nhazi ajị anụ na-achọ obere mmebi na nhazi mbụ nke ntutu isi. Ojiji nke surfactants nwere ike inye nchebe dị mma.

Ọrụ bụ isi nke surfactants na mmepụta akpụkpọ anụ na nhazi ajị anụ bụ solubilization, emulsification, wetting, permeation, foaming, defoaming, ịsacha, larịị, na nhazi agba. Na usoro nke ọ bụla, ihe achọrọ maka ọrụ ya dị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na imikpu, a na-achọkarị ka ọ nwee mmetụta wetting na permeation; Na degenreasing, ọ na-achọrọ inwe emulsifying, wetting, na penetrating mmetụta; Na mkpochapụ, a chọrọ ka ọ nwee mmetụta solubilization dị mma; A chọrọ ka ọ nwee ezigbo mgbasa, ntinye na mmetụta ụfụfụ na agba; Na usoro nke ịgbakwunye abụba, a chọrọ ka ọ nwee ezigbo emulsifying Njirimara.

 

3. Ngwa nke surfactants na ụlọ ọrụ mkpuchi

Mkpuchi na-ezo aka na ihe injinia nwere ike itinye n'elu ihe iji mepụta mkpuchi nwere ihe nchebe, ịchọ mma, ma ọ bụ ihe pụrụ iche. Agba a na-amakarị bụ ụdị mkpuchi. Ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ: na ndụ kwa ụbọchị, ihe owuwu ụlọ, ngwá ụlọ osisi, ụlọ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị, wdg, a na-eji ihe mkpuchi na-egbuke egbuke eme ihe ịchọ mma, nke nwere ike ime ka ihe mara mma ma welie uru azụmahịa ha; Ihe mkpuchi ụlọ, osisi, ígwè, wdg na mkpuchi iji nye nchebe, dịkwuo ogologo oge, na igbochi corrosion; A na-eji agba eme ihe dị ka akara agba ma nwee ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka akara okporo ụzọ, ihe ndị dị ize ndụ, wdg; Mkpuchi nwere ụdị ihe dị iche iche nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ pụrụ iche dị iche iche, dị ka mgbochi ọkụ, mgbochi mmiri, mgbochi ebu, ihe nhụcha, mwepu agba, mkpuchi, nchebe radieshon, na mgbochi mmetọ gas.

Ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe nkiri bụ ihe eji eme ihe nkiri, pigmenti, ihe mgbaze na ihe mgbakwunye. Ihe na-emepụta ihe nkiri bụ ihe ndabere maka ịmepụta mkpuchi; Pigments bụ n'ozuzu ezi acha bekee n'ụdị ntụ ntụ; Ewezuga mkpuchi na-enweghị ihe mgbaze, mkpuchi mmiri dị iche iche na-enwekarị ihe mgbaze. Ugbu a, ihe ndị a na-eji dị ka ihe mgbaze mkpuchi gụnyere mmiri, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, terpenes, chlorinated organic compounds, wdg; Ihe mgbakwunye bụ ihe enyemaka nke mkpuchi, na ha na-abụkarị surfactants na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mkpuchi.

Dị ka mmetụta ha si dị na mkpuchi, surfactants eji na mkpuchi nwere ike kewaa n'ime ụdị ndị a: (1) defoamers, ndị na-emepụta mmiri mmiri, ndị na-ekesa, emulsifiers, wdg n'oge usoro mmepụta mkpuchi; (2) ndị na-egbochi caking, ndị na-edozi ihe mgbochi, wdg n'oge usoro nchekwa mkpuchi; (3) mkpuchi ihe owuwu ihe na-emepụta ihe nkiri: ihe na-ehicha ihe, ndị na-agwọ ọrịa, ndị na-edozi ọkwa, ndị na-egbochi sagging, wdg; (4) plasticizers, leveling agents, mold inhibitors, fire retardants, antistatic agents, UV absorbers, wdg na-emetụta ọrụ mkpuchi.

 

4. Ngwa nke surfactants na chemical catalysis

Ọnụego mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ ọ bụla nwere njikọ chiri anya na njirimara nke gburugburu mmeghachi omume kemịkal. Achọpụtara na ịgbakwunye ụfọdụ surfactants na usoro mmeghachi omume nke mejupụtara abụọ reactants na-adị mfe soluble na mmiri na mmanụ nwere ike budata dịkwuo ọnụego nke chemical mmeghachi omume, na nke a mmetụta a na-akpọ elu-arụ ọrụ catalysis. Usoro mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke ndị surfactants na-ebute tumadi gụnyere micelle catalysis na catalysis nke mbufe oge, n'ime nke micelle catalysis nwere myirịta na catalysis enzyme. A na-ekwenyekarị na mmetụta mmetụta nke surfactants na mmeghachi omume organic na-emetụta ya na nhazi nke micelles, nke a maara dị ka micelle catalysis.

 

 

5. Ngwa nke surfactant na enzyme catalyzed mmeghachi omume na micro ude mmiri

Na mgbakwunye na nke surfactants nwere ike welie enzyme ọrụ na organic solvents, tumadi pụtara na ndị na-esonụ akụkụ atọ: (1) polarity isi nke surfactant molekul tightly ejikọta enzyme molekul, si otú dispersing enzyme ụmụ irighiri na organic na-adọ na-amụba nkukota ọnụego n'etiti enzyme ụmụ irighiri na substrates; (2) The hydrophobic ọdụ nke surfactant ụmụ irighiri ihe nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè na-adọta hydrophobic substrates na organic n'ụzọ, na-eme ka ha dị mfe ịnweta enzymes; (3) N'ụzọ dị irè na-ezere mgbochi nke enzymes site na mkpụrụ na ngwaahịa. Ndị surfactants eji amụ mmeghachi omume catalytic enzyme na micro ude bụ n'ozuzu anionic, cationic, amphoteric ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị ionic surfactants, dị ka sodium di - (2-ethylhexyl) succinate sulfonate (AOT), dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether (C12E4), ovophorate, bromi.CT trimethyl.

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